The innate immune system include non-specific immune response that reacts immediately on exposure to the agent that threatens. Responses are non-specific innate defense mechanisms (existing) which are non-selective defend the body from any kind of foreign bodies or abnormal whatsoever, even at the beginning of exposure to it. Responses such as these provide the first line of defense against a variety of threats, including infectious agents, chemical irritants, and tissue injury due to trauma or burns. All people are born with the innate immune response mechanism that is essentially the same though there may be little genetic differences. Adatif or acquired immune system, by contrast, rely on the specific immune response which selectively attack foreign bodies who may have been exposed to the body and have the opportunity to prepare for an attack that is specifically aimed at the enemy. Therefore, the adaptive immune system takes a long time to attack and defeat specific enemies. Innate and acquired immune systems work in harmony to hold, and then eliminate, the material - material that is harmful.
Innate Immune System
Components of the innate immune system are always in a state of alert, ready to release some defense mechanisms against all and any attacker. From a variety of immune effector cells, neutrophils and macrophages both specialize phagocytic very important in innate defense. Several groups of native plasma proteins also play an important role.Various non-specific immune response is activated in response to a generic molecular patterns associated with agin-threatening. Two categories of calling patterns for the innate immune response: patterns of molecular-associated pathogens (pathogen-associated molecular pattern, PAMP) exogenous (originating from outside the body), such as carbohydrates that are typically found in the cell walls of bacteria,
but not in human cells, and patterns associated molecular - damage (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMP) endogenous (originating from within the body), such as adenosis triphosphate (ATP) released from the extracellular cells damaged by trauma.
Both of these patterns trigger a default path that leads to inflammation identical, a multistep process that involves phagocytic disposal attacker agent and tissue debris and encouraging tissue repair. In addition, in response to PAMP include an increase in adaptive immunity, we will focus on the response that is triggered by PAMP. Phagocytic cells that responded had a response pattern recognition on their membrane surface or in the cytosol to detect patterns associated with agent-threatening or dangerous.
For example, phagocytes studded with plasma membrane proteins known as toll-like receptors (TLR) that recognize PAMP (and DAMP). There are about a dozen different TLRs, that each - each group to identify specific molecular patterns are different. For example, some recognize the gram-positive bacteria (bacteria that can be stained by dark blue gram) others recognize the gram-negative bacteria (bacterial cell wall can not be colored with coloring grams), others recognize the DNA or RNA viruses, and so on. TLR has been dubbed the "eyes of the innate immune system" because the sensor is immune to recognize and bind to pathogens marker giver unique user, allowing the effector cells of the innate system to "see" pathogens as something different from her normal cells.
The introduction of the pathogen TLR triggers phagocytes to engulf and destroy infectious microorganisms. Furthermore, TLR activation induces phagocytic cells to secrete some chemicals, some of which contribute to inflammation. TLR linking innate and adaptive immune systems because of the material - other chemicals released by phagocytes important for the recruitment of cells - the cells of the adaptive immune system. Because of its important role in the immune system, TLR be a target of many new drugs and vaccines that is under study.As other relations between the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system, foreign particles deliberately marked to be ingested by phagocytes, by coating with antibodies produced by B cells of the adaptive immune system. This is a small example of how the various components of the immune system is highly interdependent and interacting.TLR function on the cell surface is to identify pathogens in extracellular fluid but most viruses hidden within the host cell and are not free in the extracellular fluid. New Scientist - recently discovered intracellular pattern recognition receptors, such as retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIF-1) -like receptors (RLR) which identify DNA or RNA virus in the cytosol and more than 20 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) - like receptor (NLR) which differentiate intracellular PAMP like most of the bacterial cell wall ditelah by phagocytes or parasitic meninvasi non-immune cells. Naturally, RLR activation by viral genetic material triggers the synthesis of interferon, an innate mechanisms that defend against virus invasion. NLR activated trigger the formation of multiprotein complexes known cytosolic inflamasom, which NLR itself is a part. Inflamasom produce potent inflammatory response, which complements the work that is triggered by TLR activated. Therefore, the trinity of the pathogen receptor, TLR, RLR and NLR, work together to ensure an efficient innate immune response against pathogens smugglers.
Innate mechanism gives us a quick response, but limited and non - selective against all types of threats, such as medieval soldiers were hit with brute strength all the opponents who approached the castle walls that they protected. Non-specific response is important to hold the opponent to the adaptive immune system, with a highly selective weapon, can be prepared to take over and carry out attacks to annihilate the enemy.Acquired Immune SystemResponse adaptive or innate immune system is mediated by B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes Each B and T cells can recognize and to sustain themselves against only one specific type of foreign object, for example, one type of bacteria. Among the millions of B cells and T cells in the body, only specially equipped to recognize the unique molecular features of a particular infectious agent requested action to defend the body against these agents. This specialization is similar to a modern army that has been specially summoned dilatis duty to melaksanaakan very specific mission. Lymphocytes were elected then multiply, increasing the number of specialists who can conduct targeted attacks to the penginvasi agent.The adaptive immune system is the most sophisticated tool against most pathogens. Variety of B and T cells are activated and expanded constantly changing in response to various pathogens encountered. Therefore, the adaptive immune system adapt to wage war against the pathogen - specific pathogens in the environment each - each organ. Target of the adaptive immune system varies among people, depending on the type of immune attack encountered each - each person. In addition, the system acquires the ability to more efficiently destroy certain enemies if reunited with the same pathogen in the future. This is done by creating pools of memory cells after the encounter with a specific pathogen so that if the relevant again met with the pathogen, the immune system will produce a faster defense.
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